Use an in-text citation for every reference to an author's work, idea or direct quote. Use the page number the quote appears on when including direct quotes. Put it after the year of publication with "p." before the page number.
For example a direct quote citation would look like: "A malaria researcher noted that 'The infection rate skyrockets among populations that do not adhere to a medication schedule' (Watkins, 2008, p. 35)."
An indirect quote sums up the author's ideas or research through your own paraphrasing: "A malaria researcher observed that malaria infection rates soar in people who do not follow a medication schedule (Watkins, 2008)."
List the citation as "Author, Year" when making a declarative statement based on an author's conclusion. Use only the author's last name and the year of publication and put the citation at the end of the sentence in parentheses and before terminal punctuation. For example, "Malaria medication is more effective when patients do not skip a dose (Watkins, 2008)." Include a list of all names for cited research with multiple authors, and use an ampersand. For example (Watkins, Kidd & Jones, 2008). This applies to all formats of research -- books, chapters, journal articles, conference transcripts, online sources and so on.
If no author is available -- for example, the information comes from a medical organization or a Web source -- list the organization's name and the date of publication, if available. For example: "Malaria medication is more effective when patients do not skip a dose (American Medical Association, 2010)."
Include just the publication year if your sentence mentions the author. Put the year in parentheses after the author's name. For example, "Watkins (2008) found that malaria medication is more effective when patients do not skip a dose." List multiple authors without an ampersand: "Watkins, Kidd and Jones (2008) ..."
Do not include an in-text citation if your sentence includes the necessary information. For example, "In 2008, Watkins found that ..." does not need an additional citation.
Shorten subsequent in-text citations for works by three or more authors. Always use the lead author's name, and employ "et al." for the remaining authors. For example, use (Watkins et al. 2008) for parenthetical citations at the end of sentences. Use "Watkins et al. (2008) found that ..." for sentences that mention the authors. Follow the same rules for material without identified authors, such as online material created by multiple organizations.
Begin your reference list on a new page, and order it alphabetically. List the earlier publication first for works by the same author. Indent second and subsequent lines one half-inch from the left margin to create a hanging indentation.
List authors as "Last Name, First Name" for the first seven authors of one work. Use ellipses (...) if a work has more than seven authors. Write out the first six authors' names, use ellipses and then list the last author's name.
Write article titles that appeared in journals, magazines, newspapers and so on as sentence case. Capitalize only the first word and any proper nouns. Write the periodical in title case, capitalizing all significant words except for articles (a, an, the) and prepositions of four letters or fewer.
Use a digital object identifier (DOI) whenever possible for works found online. The DOI, while not available for every work, is a permanent number assigned to online intellectual property and is more reliable than a Web address, which may change. The DOI is found in a journal's citation, abstract and sometimes on each page of the full text. Look for the number near the publisher information in e-books. Use the URL if no DOI is available.
Set up a journal article with a DOI like this:
Last Name, First Name. (Year of Publication). Title of the article. Title of the Periodical italicized, Issue number(volume number) italicized, pages of article expressed in numerals with a dash. doi: DOI number.
For example:
Watkins, Cheryl. (2008). The effects of medication adherence on malaria infection. The Journal of Malaria Health (italicized), 15(2) (italicized), 34-45. doi: 12.34/4567-8901.23.4.45
Set up a journal article without a DOI, but with a URL like this:
Last Name, First Name. (Year of Publication). Title of the article. Title of the Periodical italicized, Issue number(volume number) italicized, pages of article expressed in numerals with a dash. Retrieved from http://www.webaddress.com.
For example:
Watkins, Cheryl. (2008). The effects of medication adherence on malaria infection. The Journal of Malaria Health (italicized), 15(2) (italicized), 34-45. Retrieved from http://www.malariajournal.com/watkins2008study.
Format a chapter in an edited book like this, using "In" to signal the book the chapter appeared in and "Eds." to indicate who edited the overall volume.
Last Name, First and Middle Initials. (Year of Publication). Chapter name in title case. In Initials and Last Name of Editors (Eds.), Book name in title case italicized (pp. first page of chapter - last page of chapter). City, State of publication: Publisher.
For example:
Watkins, C.M. (2008). The effects of medication adherence on malaria infection. In F. Lazzo and M. Deeds (Eds.), Malaria treatments explored (italicized), (pp. 34-45). New York, NY: Smith Press.
Use the following format for a book:
Last Name, First Name. (Year of Publication). Title in title case and italicized. City, State of Publication: Publisher.
For example:
Watkins, Cheryl. (2008). The effects of medication adherence on malaria infection (italicized). New York, NY: Smith Press.