Vocational schools, technical institutes and community colleges offer training programs for electricians. Certificate programs typically last less than one year. Programs may focus on specific areas, such as industrial electrician or residential electrician programs. Some programs work with local unions or state certification agencies to meet the requirements for certification.
Two-year associate degree programs, often called electrical technology programs, are also widely available. In addition to the technical training, students also may receive some general education in areas such as communication and social science. Technical courses cover AC and DC circuits, electrical theory, motor controls, programmable controllers and local electrical code.
Apprenticeships provide hands-on training for aspiring electricians and are usually paid positions. Programs typically last around four years and include 2,000 hours of on-the-job training. Apprentices work under supervision and learn to measure, fabricate and install conduit; install and test wiring; connect switches and other components; and design and diagram electrical systems.
Although requirements vary, most states require electricians to pass an exam and obtain a license. The exam tests the applicant's knowledge of electrical theory, National Electrical Code and regional electrical and building codes and regulations. Electrical contractors require a special license in many states.
Many electricians participate in ongoing training and education programs to keep current with changes to national or regional electrical code and regulations. Those who are seeking career advancement can also benefit from training courses in new technologies, such as alternative energy systems.