Cite a direct quote. When a line is borrowed exactly from a reference, it must be marked as such. Place the information in quotation marks. Add a space after the ending quotation. A basic book citation is written inside parentheses, with the author's last name, the publishing year and the page from which the quote was taken. Be sure to add a comma and space after the author's name and the year, and insert a small p and a period and space before the page number. End the citation with a period outside of the parentheses. "For example, a direct quote should look like this." (Smith, 2012, p. 12).
Cite a paraphrase. If information from a reference is restated in your own words, it must still include a citation, as it is not your idea. The statement does not need to be placed inside quotation marks; the citation will show that it is a paraphrase. At the end of the sentence, do not put a period. Instead, add a space and a citation like that used for a direct quote. A page number is not necessary for paraphrased information. Place a period after the citation. A paraphrased sentence should look like this (Smith, 2012).
Cite a block quote. When a direct quote is longer than 40 words, it must be written in a separate block of text. To do this, introduce the quote by using the author's name, followed by the publishing date in parentheses. A short introductory phrase, such as "Smith (2012) said," is sufficient. After the phrase, insert a colon and enter down to the next line. Tab one time and begin the direct quote. Each line of the quote should be tabbed once, so that the it forms a block shape, separate from the rest of the text. Do not use quotation marks. At the end of the quote, use a period, insert a space and identify the page number from the book inside parentheses. The ending of a block quotation would look like this. (p. 12)