Create a bibliographic reference for a book with a single author. This reference will appear on the references page at the end of the written work. Begin with the author's last name, then first name. Press return and include the publication date, two spaces, the title of the work, the city of publication and the publishing company. For each line after the author line, indent by two spaces. For example:
Smith, John
1995 Book Title. New York: Publishing Inc.
For a book with multiple authors, begin the citation with the first author's last name, then first name, followed by any successive authors' first name then last name. For example: Smith, John and Sara Smith. The rest of the citation will be the same as a single author citation.
Create a bibliographic reference for a chapter or section of a book. Begin with the author's last name, then first name. Press return, include the year of publication, two spaces, the title of the chapter, the name of the whole volume, the name of the editors, and the page numbers of the chapter. Finally, include the city of publication and the publishing company. For each line after the author line, indent by two spaces. For instance:
Smith, John.
2005 Article Title. In Book Title. Sara Hass and John Doe, eds. Pp. 67-88. New York: Publishing Inc.
If you are citing a section with multiple authors, place the first author's last name first followed by their first name and the names of the succeeding authors with first names first.
Create a bibliographic reference for a journal article. Begin with the author's last and first names followed by a hard return. List the year of publication, the title of the article, the title of the journal, the volume, followed by the issue number in parentheses. Conclude the citation with the page numbers of the article. For each line after the author line, indent by two spaces. For instance:
Smith, John.
1995 Article Title. Journal Title 60 (4): 55-75.
Use an in-text citation when using material within the body of a paper. The in-text citation should fall at the end of the sentence in which the information was utilized and should be encapsulated by parentheses. The in-text citation should include the author's last name and the date of publication. For example: These studies show that there is an increasing risk of extinction (Smith 2005). You can also include the author's name within the body of the sentence, using the parenthetical citation for the year and page numbers of the quote. For example: "John Smith asserts that "no change is perceivable" (2005: 8).