How to Cite in APA When No Dates Are Available

The American Psychological Association (APA) has strict regulations for citing references in writing. Writers must cite a reference in their text every time they quote or paraphrase a source, even if that source has no date of publication.

Instructions

    • 1

      Locate your source's author or authors. To find a website's author, use the website's "about us" link or look at the bottom of the website's homepage. To locate a journal and book author, look on the work's title page or in its bibliography.

    • 2

      Find the quote, paraphrase or text that you cite in your work's text. Type an open parenthesis, "(," after a blank space following the quote, paraphrase or text. Type the author's last name. If the cited material has more than one author, then separate their last names by commas, and use the ampersand symbol, "&," before the last name in the series. Do not use first names for in-text citations.

    • 3

      Type a comma after the final name in the series and then "n.d." in lowercase letters, with periods following the letter "n," and the letter "d," but without quotation marks. The abbreviation "n.d." stands for "no date." Follow the abbreviation with a close parenthesis, ")."

    • 4

      Cite your sources in your work's reference section by substituting "n.d." for a date.

Learnify Hub © www.0685.com All Rights Reserved