How Do I List Ideas in the Body of an APA Paper?

The Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (APA) allows for three methods of listing within the body of an APA-style paper: numbered lists, bulleted lists and lettered lists. Numbered lists and bulleted lists are set apart in the text and form their own paragraph, whereas lettered lists occur within a paragraph. Keep in mind that lettered lists and numbered lists may imply a hierarchy of importance or chronological order, whereas a bulleted list does not.

Instructions

    • 1

      Place a number and period before each item in your list if you want to use a numbered list. Numbered lists should be composed of whole sentences or paragraphs and should be capitalized and punctuated accordingly. For example:

      There were three ingredients that were of utmost importance.

      1. Parsley was needed for the base.

      2. Any cook would recognize the importance of basil.

      3. A small amount of salt would complete the sauce.

    • 2

      Place a bullet before each element in a list if you wish to use a bulleted list approach. According to APA guidelines, any symbol can be used as a bullet. Bullets can be used to list complete sentences, or to list several ideas or elements within a sentence. For example:

      There were three ingredients that were of utmost importance.

      * Parsley was needed for the base.

      * Any cook would recognize the importance of basil.

      * A small amount of salt would complete the sauce.

      Or, within a sentence:

      The three most important ingredients were

      * parsley,

      * basil, and

      * salt.

    • 3

      Use lowercase letters in parentheses if you wish to list elements or ideas within a sentence without breaking up the text. For example: The three most important ingredients were (a) parsley, (b) basil and (c) salt.

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