Capitalize proper nouns, including initials, and all words in the titles of cited works except for words with fewer than four letter that are not verbs, nouns, pronouns, adjectives or adverbs. Capitalize the first word after a dash or colon in a title and both words in a hyphenated-compound word.
Underline or italicize longer works' titles and use quotation marks to set off the titles of shorter works.
Set off short quotations (40 words or less) with quotation marks. If you indicate the author in a signal phrase before the quotation, place the year of publication in parentheses directly after the author's last name and cite the page number preceded by "p." in parentheses after the quotation: According to Michaels (1998), "some rats may be born delusional" (p. 149). If you do not use a signal phrase, separate author, year and page number with commas in parentheses after the quote: It seems "some rats may be born delusional" (Michaels, 1998, p. 149). The parentheses should precede the final quotation mark in both cases.
For quotations longer than 40 words, set off the quotation with a colon and start it on a new line, indented 1/2 inch. Indent every new line in the quotation to the same level, maintaining double spacing, and indent new paragraphs within the quotation an additional 1/2 inch. Format citations as for shorter quotes (either with a signal phrase before and page number after or author, year and page number in parentheses after), but place the parentheses after the final quotation in either case.
Cite a paraphrase or summary of another author's work in the same way as a short quote, but omit quotation marks, as in this example: Peterson (1964) claims that clams are, in fact, bipedal (p. 2015), though recent studies have brought this into question. For indirect quotations, including the page number is encouraged but not required.