Put parentheses around the author's last name and year of publication when the reference is at the end of a sentence or paragraph. For example, "Learning styles influence reading grades (Smith, 2000)."
Put parentheses around the date only when the referenced author's name is part of the sentence. For example, "Smith (2000) found that learning styles influence reading grades."
Do not use parenthesis when both the publication year and author's name are included in the sentence. For example, "In 2000, Smith found that learning styles influence reading grades."
Include both authors' last names in every reference throughout the text, along with publication year, when there are two authors. For example, "Learning styles influence reading grades (Smith & Jones, 2000)."
Use the word "and" instead of "&" when the author's names are part of the sentence. For example, "Smith and Jones (2000) found that learning styles influence reading grades."
Include all authors' last names in the first reference in text, along with publication year, when there are more than two authors. For example, "Learning styles influence reading grades (Smith, Ford, & Jones, 2000)."
Include only the first author's name, followed by et al. and publication year in subsequent text references. For example, "Learning styles influence reading grades (Smith et al., 2000)."
Follow the same guidelines when the authors' names are part of the sentence. For example, in first referenced text "Smith, Ford, and Jones (2000) found that learning styles influence reading grades." For subsequent in-text, citations use et al., such as "Smith et al. (2000)."