How to Write a Parenthetical Citation When Two Sources Begin With the Same Word?

Parenthetical documentation, also called in-text citation, replaced the use of footnotes in academic writing because of ease of use. The most popular documentation formats, Modern Language Association (MLA) and American Psychological Association (APA), permit the reader to identify referenced factual information within the sentence where it appears. Both MLA and APA style guides illustrate how to document unusual circumstances, such as when two citations start the same.

Things You'll Need

  • Full bibliographic information for sources
  • Assignment sheet
  • MLA or APA Style Guides
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Instructions

    • 1

      Type a parenthesis, the author's first initial, the last name, page number, closing parenthesis and then a period if two or more authors have the same last name for MLA citation. For example: The hurricane struck at 1:23 p.m. (A. Smith 9), and by 1:30, the town disappeared (Z. Smith 42).

    • 2

      Use the article's title in parentheses if using two sources by the same author in MLA format. For example: The hurricane struck at 1:23 p.m. (Smith, "Hurricane Rips..." 9), and by 1:30, the town disappeared (Smith, "Hurricane Kills" 42).

    • 3

      Type a parenthesis, the first two words of the title, the page number, closing parenthesis if two unsigned articles begin with the same word in MLA documentation. For instance: A double rainbow appeared after the hurricane ("Hurricane Rips..." 9), and the survivors saw it immediately ("Hurricane Destroys..." 42).

    • 4

      Include publication name in parenthesis as an option to differentiate with the "same word" obstacle in MLA format. For example: A double rainbow appeared after the hurricane (New York Times 9A), and the survivors saw it immediately (The Sun 4C).

    • 5

      Type a parenthesis, the author's first initial, the last name with the year published and a closing parenthesis for APA citation style. APA distinguishes itself from MLA with the use of the year included in the parentheses. When two works have the same author and the same year, type lower-case letters after the year in the reference list, then type "a." and the page number with the closing parenthesis. For example: A double rainbow appeared after the hurricane (Jones, 2011a, p. 9) and the survivors saw it immediately (Jones, 2011b, p. 42). The reference list should include lower-case letters, listing the earliest date as "2011a".

    • 6

      Type a parenthesis, the articles' titles in quotation marks, comma, year published, comma, page number and parenthesis for an unknown author in APA documentation style. As an example: A double rainbow appeared after the hurricane ("Hurricane," 2011a, p. 9) and the survivors saw it immediately ("Hurricane," 2011b, p. 42).

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