Counselors working in school will need to know what to look out for in order to determine whether a student is abusing drugs. Different drugs have different effects but symptoms of addiction are generally the same. Many drug abusers are in denial about their addiction so it's important for others to recognize the symptoms in order to step in.
Neglecting responsibilities at school (flunking classes, skipping classes, drop in attendance) may be a sign of drug use. Fights, mood swings and aggression towards others is another sign of drug addiction or abuse. Bloodshot eyes, dilated pupils, changes in appetite, changes in physical appearance and grooming habits, unusual smells on the body, tremors, slurred speech and impaired coordination are all physical signs of substance abuse. Unexplained changes in personality and periods of hyperactivity or lack of motivation are psychological signs of drug abuse.
Sometimes it's not the student who is abusing substances, but instead someone in his family. If this is the case, let the student know that you are there for him. In cases like this, students often do not have anyone to lean on or talk to for support. Let the student know that it is important that he takes care of himself and doesn't cover for the abuser, as hard as it may be. Explain that it is not the fault of the student, that an addict cannot be forced to change. Steps can be taken to speak to the parents about the issue in order to resolve the issue if at all possible.
School counselors should recognize the myths associated with substance abuse in order to better understand students who may be abusing drugs. One myth is that a person can quit drugs if she wants to and that it is all about willpower. Depending on the substance, drugs alter the brain, which creates cravings and compulsion to use. Because of this, it is extremely difficult to quit abusing drugs with willpower alone.
A second myth is that there is nothing you can do about addiction. Changes in the brain can be treated with therapy, medication and alternative activities. Many people also believe that hitting rock bottom is the only way for an addict to seek help. Recovery for substance abuse can begin at any time; the earlier, the better. Addictions may become stronger with time making it harder to treat.
Finally, school counselors should know that treatment for substance abuse does not have to be voluntary in order for it to work. Being pressured into a treatment facility by family, employers, the legal system or a school counselor may be the push that an addict needs in order to change.
If a student admits that he has a drug problem, this is a positive. The first step to changing is to admit that there is a problem. By letting the student know that you understand how scary and overwhelming the problem is, you're bonding with her and you can reassure her that help is within reach. Talk to the student's parents about her problem and explain to them that support and encouragement are necessary in order to make the process go as smoothly as possible.
If a student will not admit that she has a problem but you suspect that something is amiss, speak to her parents and ask if anything seems out of the ordinary. Explain that you believe it may be substance abuse and talk about the possible steps that can be taken in order to address the issue.
Counselors can work with students individually and in groups in order to help them overcome their dependence or to provide support for a student whose family may be abusing drugs. School counselors should keep records and reports regarding the patient if he is dependent on drugs or alcohol. Treatment plans could be developed if the counselor has expertise in the area. Counselors should also contact the parents or guardians of a student who may have a drug problem in order to create a plan for recovery. Counselors should never belittle a student because of her problem and should instead provide constant encouragement and support.