List the author's last name and the date of the published work in parentheses at the end of the sentence if you mention the author's idea but not the author's name. For instance, "Psychosis in children often begins emerging in late adolescence (Dayman, 2009)."
Put only the date in parentheses immediately following the author's name if you mention the author in the sentence. For example, "Dayman (2009) showed that psychosis in children often begins in late adolescence."
Do not use an in-text citation if the author and date are mentioned in the sentence. For instance, "In her 2009 nationwide study, Dayman showed that psychosis in children often begins in late adolescence."
Use the names of both authors for works by two people in all in-text citations and follow the same rules. For example "(Dayman and Clark, 2009)" for a parenthetical reference; "Dayman and Clark (2009) posited that ..." for a sentence with the authors' names included; and "In 2009, Dayman and Clark posited that ..." for sentences that mention both the authors and the date.
List all authors' names on the first reference for works by three to five authors. After that, use the first author's name and "et al." For instance, set up the first reference as "(Dayman, Clark, Jefferson and Kinty, 2009)" and subsequent references as "(Dayman et al., 2009)."
Use the first author listed and "et al." on all in-text references for works by six or more authors. For example, set up the in-text references on sentences that mention neither the authors or date as "(Dayman et al., 2009)." Write "Dayman et al. (2009) found that ..." for sentences that mention the authors and "In 2009, Dayman et al. found that ..." for sentences that mention both the authors and date.
Use an organization in place of an author if no authors are listed.
List your references in alphabetical order by the first author's surname or organization name. Use initials for first and middle names instead of spelling the name out.
Italicize book titles and journal names. Do not italicize or use quotes around article names or book chapters.
Capitalize book and journal titles, except for article words (a, an and the). Only capitalize the first word and proper nouns in article titles.
Include the digital object identifier (DOI) number for electronic documents, if available. The DOI usually is listed on an information page at the start of the article or book or at the bottom of each page. If no DOI is available, use the document's URL in your reference listing.
Write a book reference like this, but italicize the title: Smith, J.K. (2002). The Last Stand. London, England: Big Time Publishing Co. Put the edition number after the title and the DOI number (formatted as "doi:123456789") at the end of the reference, if applicable.
Set up a chapter in an edited book like so, italicizing the book title, but not the chapter title: Smith, J.K. (2002). The last stand. In P. Fitzwallace and B. Winkleman (Eds.) The Medicine War (pp. 45-73). London, England: Big Time Publishing Co. Put the edition number after the title and the DOI number (formatted as "doi:123456789") at the end of the reference, if applicable.
Write a journal article reference like this, italicizing the publication's name: Smith, J.K. (2002) The last stand. Journal of Medicine, 5(2), 46-57. If there is a DOI number, put it at the end of the reference, formatted as "doi:123456789." If there is no DOI number and you accessed the article online, put "Retrieved from http://website.com" at the end of the reference. If you accessed the article in person, do not use a DOI or URL.