Although individual states' requirements for certified home health aides, or HHAs, vary, certain requirements are mandated on the federal level and apply across the United States. The two basic federal requirements are that the HHA certification program comprise at least 75 hours of training, and that those 75 hours include at least 16 hours of supervised hands-on training. Students must also pass a state-specific competency exam.
Though subjects vary by program, HHA courses usually include training in body mechanics and physical therapy principles, anatomy and physiology, infection control and food preparation, how to help patients with things like bathing and dressing, and other practical skills. Programs may also train students in proper communication techniques with regard to both the patient and the patient's family, ethical issues regarding the disabled, elderly and convalescent, and the rights of patients.
Because of the federal requirement that HHA programs include 16 hours of hands-on training, an online campus is not practical for initial HHA certification. However, many HHAs choose to supplement their certification with post-degree online courses in specific home care skills, business and employee management. These are especially useful for HHAs who wish to go into a supervisory or management position. Many HHAs view their jobs as entry level positions that could lead to other positions in the health care industry, such as those of registered nurse or medical assistant.
Many HHA programs are offered in conjunction with certified nursing assistant (or CNA) programs, allowing students to train for both positions at once. Whereas HHA programs are oriented specifically toward the practical personal care aspects of the job, CNA programs include coursework in biology, pharmacology, health deviations and other medical subjects. A certification issued by the state government is required for an individual to begin working as a CNA.