Veterinary technicians and technologists are part of veterinary practice in much the same way nurses are in medical practice. Technicians receive two years' training and an associate's degree, while technologists earn a four-year bachelor's degree. Both perform similar duties, though areas of advanced practice in zoos and research facilities may require a technologist. Technicians record an animal's medical history, prepare samples, perform laboratory testing, administer medications and assist during procedures. Technicians are also generally responsible for patients' pre- and post-operative care.
In the 2011 academic year, the American Veterinary Medicine Association recognized more than 150 accredited programs for veterinary technicians nationwide. These include full universities like Kent State, at its Tuscawaras Campus in New Philadelphia; community colleges like Northeast Community College in Norfolk, Nebraska; privately owned vocational schools such as the Anthem Education Group, at its Phoenix and Kansas City campuses; and stand-alone veterinary training schools such as the Vet Tech Institute with its seven locations. Course loads in these programs will vary, but include written English or communications as well as courses in animal anatomy or physiology, practical animal nursing, nutrition and microbiology.
After completing a degree in an accredited school, each state requires the newly minted technician to pass an examination before being licensed. Most use the National Veterinary Technician exam, though some states have their own. In each case, the examination has oral, written and practical segments. Having demonstrated a suitable level of competency, the technician is credentialed as a licensed, registered or certified veterinary technician, depending on the state. Technicians wishing to work in a research facility may also need certification from the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science.
The Bureau of Labor Statistics reports that demand for veterinary technicians and technologists will outstrip supply at least through 2018, as a result of growing demand and limited training facilities. The only positions expected to be highly competitive are those in zoos and aquariums, which attract many applicants and have lower turnover than private veterinary practices. In its 2009 survey, the BLS reported that the middle 50 percent of veterinary technicians earned an average of $29,280 annually. The top 10 percent reported incomes averaging $43,080 per year.