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How to Cite in Parenthetical Documentation

Parenthetical documentation relates to the citations found within a paper. These citations provide readers with a brief glimpse of where all in-text quotes, summaries and paraphrases originate and direct their attention to the full reference list or works cited on a page found at the end of a paper. Using parenthetical documentation helps avoid plagiarism by giving credit where credit is due.

Instructions

  1. MLA Format

    • 1

      Preface a quote from an author with the author's name, followed by the quote. For example, Robinson says "it is a good idea to cite references" when discussing ways to avoid plagiarism.

    • 2

      Cite the page number in parentheses after the quote. Do not include the word "page" or any abbreviations for the word "page." For example, Robinson says "it is a good idea to cite references" (5) when discussing ways to avoid plagiarism.

    • 3

      Include the author's name in parentheses after the quote when you do not add the author's name to the text or the text has multiple authors. Add the page number directly after the author's name. For example, "students plagiarize because they are not confident in their own abilities" (Johnson 52).

    • 4

      Add the title of the text to the reference when more than one work from an author is used in the paper. Preface the title with the author's name and a comma and include the page number of the reference after the title. For example, "Plagiarism is a growing problem in America's universities" (Smith, Plagiarize This 33).

    APA Format

    • 5

      Preface a quote from an author with the author's name, followed by the year of publication in parentheses. Robinson (2010) says "it is a good idea to cite references" when discussing ways to avoid plagiarism.

    • 6

      Include the author's name in parentheses after the information referenced when you do not add the author's name to the text or if the text has multiple authors. Insert a comma to separate the author's name from the date of publication. For example, Students plagiarize because they are not confident in their own abilities (Johnson, 2009).

    • 7

      Add the page number to the end of the in-text citation when using a specific quote. For example, "Plagiarism is a growing problem in America's universities" (Smith, 2010, p. 102).

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