Most schools have taken a position on what is not proper attire rather than what is. Many schools prohibit any clothing that represents gang dress, such as bandannas, baggy pants, and large pockets that could conceal a weapon. Coats are not allowed in classrooms and must remain in lockers. Some schools do not permit boys to wear earrings. Clothing that is revealing or suggestive is forbidden.
Some school systems have stopped short of implementing uniforms but dictate that a certain kind of attire must be worn; for instance, slacks with collared shirts. This allows a student some freedom of expression without the distraction of what peers are wearing.
Schools that mandate proper attire stress that their rules make it easier for students to focus on academics, rather than what they or others are wearing. Proper dress is considered a safety issue as well; many schools state that dress codes prevent violence. Parents save money when children don't need trendy clothing for school and children whose families cannot afford clothing fads aren't judged because they don't dress like everyone else.
Regulating student dress has been challenged many times in the United States court system. Federal law states that schools can impose “reasonable” dress codes in schools. This has been subject to legal scrutiny based on the first amendment and various courts have ruled that dress codes are reasonable if they promote hygiene, prevent disruption, promote safety or reduce violence.
The prohibition of clothing such as cleats or metal shoe plates, shorts, hats and head wraps has been approved by different courts.
Some public schools have adopted the use of uniforms to eliminate any decision by students or parents about what proper school attire might be. These schools have reported a rise in grades and a decrease in peer pressure. Attendance has also improved, since students no longer stay home if they don't have the latest clothing to wear or are being bullied for dressing in cheaper clothing than their peers. There is also less social judgment and ridicule, as no one can tell who has more money.