Reference a source within the essay, using a signal phrase. A signal phrase introduces information taken directly from the source; it may or may not contain the name of the author.
Cite the source of the signal phrase parenthetically within the text. If the signal phrase contains the author's name, this is done by inserting the page number of the source, in parentheses, at the end of the sentence. If the signal phrase does not contain the author's name, the parenthetical citation should include the author's name followed by the page number at the end of the sentence.
Create an alphabetized Works Cited list, a list of sources, at the end of the essay, using the following format for each entry:
Author's last name, First name. Title of the book. City of publication: publisher, date. Medium.
For a book, the medium is "print."
Reference a source within the paper using a signal phrase. The signal phrase should include the name of the author.
Add the year of publication, as a parenthetical citation after the author's name, within the signal phrase. If the signal phrase includes a direct quote, the quote should be followed by the page number in parentheses.
Create an alphabetized References list, a list of sources, at the end of the essay, using the following format for each entry:
Author's last name, First initial. (Year). Title of the book. City of publication: Publisher.
Reference a source within the essay using a signal phrase followed by a superscript number. The signal phrase may or may not contain the name of the author.
Create a footnote, at the bottom of the page, or an endnote, at the end of the paper, corresponding with each superscripted number. Use the following format for each note:
Superscripted number. Author's name, Title of the book (City of publication: Publisher, year), page number.
Create an alphabetized Bibliography, a list of sources, at the end of the essay using the following format for each entry:
Author's last name, First name. Title of the book. City of publication: Publisher, date.