A number of high schools offer cosmetology courses to junior and senior students, including Dunbar Vocational Career Academy in Chicago, Illinois and high schools in the Deer Valley Unified School District in Phoenix, Arizona. Courses include chemical composition of hair products, massage treatments, common skin ailments and the application of cosmetics, along with basic courses in hair cutting and styling. Programs allow students to get hands-on practice and some schools offer internship opportunities. In some states, high school students who complete a two-year program can take the state exam to receive a cosmetology license. A state-issued cosmetology license is required to work as a cosmetologist.
Beauty schools and trade schools offer cosmetology courses to individuals possessing at least a high school diploma or GED. Pivot Point is one school offering courses using the Certified Learning in Cosmetology Certification Program. Courses include hair care theory, hair cutting, coloring, styling techniques, skin care, nail care, makeup, business development, retail training and technical instruction. Approximately 1,500 hours are required to complete the program and a certificate is issued upon successful completion. A certificate shows where you completed your training and proves proof of your qualifications. A certificate does not replace the required license needed to actually practice cosmetology in a state.
Some colleges, such as John A. Logan in Illinois, offer an associate's degree in the Applied Science of Cosmetology. Degree courses, similar to high schools and trade schools courses, cover the basics in hair, skin and nail care. Additional courses cover how to use chemicals correctly, how to mix dyes, and how to use electrolysis equipment. Courses also provide students with the skills needed to start and manage a salon or spa. Students can choose to specialize in particular areas such as make-up or hairstyling. Courses may vary by college. Students must also complete the general course requirements of an associate's degree.
Online courses are offered to help students prepare for state board licensing exams. Continuing education courses are available, as well as courses offered to experienced cosmologists interested in becoming cosmetology teachers or business owners. Courses include cosmetology careers, how to control infection, safety in chemical use and pedicures. Online courses are usually not offered to students new to cosmetology because of the hands-on practice and observation required.
The curriculum of cosmetology covers many topics and may vary according to program chosen. Shampooing and conditioning courses include selecting shampoos and conditioners for each type of hair. Hair styling and cutting courses include a wide variety of techniques and styles. Chemical relaxer courses include application procedures and techniques. Skin care courses include facials, cleansing and moisturizing. Courses in make-up include both subtle and dramatic application techniques. Nail care courses include design, extensions and massage techniques.