How to Cite a PDF Excerpt

PDF stands for portable document format. It is cited as a "nonperiodical web document." The problem referencing PDF excerpts is that when opened from a search result list, you are often taken directly to the document, which may or may not list the parent publishing entity. To locate the publisher location, look at the URL listed in the search bar. Erase the specific reference for the document, and go to the parent publishing URL.

Instructions

    • 1

      Create a bibliographic reference for your resource list. Begin your reference with the author, title, then the publisher and the website from which it was retrieved. Finding the publisher or original website may be the difficult part of the process.

    • 2

      Look at the URL. Delete the article information and go to the PDF excerpt parent publication page. For example: for the document entitled "Rebuilding America's Defenses" the URL is "http://www.newamericancentury.org/RebuildingAmericasDefenses.pdf". To find the parent publishing page, delete all of the words back to the "g" in .org. This will take you to the home page of the publishing entity, "Project for the New American Century."

    • 3

      Locate the publication date. Sometimes this will be listed at the bottom of the parent page. In the case of the example document, an APA format is used and the publication date is listed at the bottom of the cover sheet.

    • 4

      Punctuate the bibliographic reference in the following manner: "Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Date of publication). Title of document. Retrieved from http://Web address."

    • 5

      Type the excerpt in the desired spot in your paper. Place quotation marks around it. Reference the bibliographic information. If you are writing in APA style, use an intext citation. This can be done parenthetically by placing a reference to the bibliographic information in parentheses after the quote (Rebuilding America's Defenses, 2000) or if you are using MLA style, the bibliographic information can be placed in a footnote. However, footnotes are one long sentence; no period appears until the end, while the bibliographic entry at the end of the paper will have the information separated by using periods. Footnotes have a superscript numeral or symbol after the final quotation mark around the excerpt. A matching numeral or symbol is placed at the bottom of the page preceding the bibliographic reference.

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