Since 1916, Ohio State University has been certifying educators to teach in the vocational field. The school started in the mid-1800s when President Lincoln signed the Morrill Act, which financed colleges for agricultural and mechanical arts. Currently, the university has two schools (the College of Food, Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, and the College of Education and Human Ecology) that enroll students looking to become teachers in the fields of agriculture, business, career and technical education, and family and consumer science and technology.
The Department of Workforce Education, Leadership and Social Foundations offers both undergraduate and graduate degrees through the College of Education at the University of Georgia. Specializations at the bachelor's level of this teacher certification program include business, business and industry, family and consumer sciences, health occupations, marketing, technical and trade education programs. Graduate programs in the Department of Workforce Education include master's, specialist and doctoral-level offerings.
The Professional Personnel Development Center offers degrees in Career and Technical Education via the College of Education at Penn State University. One of the oldest in the country, the program offers certification, undergraduate and graduate degrees in the field. The certification and bachelor's degree programs lead to three types (Intern, Vocational I, Vocational II) of Pennsylvania Teacher Certification. Three vocational education graduate degrees include Master of Education, Master of Science and a Ph.D. program that has four specializations areas (school-to-work, human resource development/organization development, and post-secondary or secondary leadership).
The Department of Career and Technical Education offers degrees in vocational education via the School of Education at Virginia Tech University. Programs all lead to graduate degrees and include the master's, specialist and doctoral levels. Students choose between agricultural, marketing, business and information, health and medical, trade and industrial and family and consumer areas in the Department of Career and Technical Education. The programs also prepare the future educator for teacher certification if necessary.