UNCF states that the first HBCU, Cheney University in Pennsylvania, was founded in 1837. Lincoln University (1854) and Wilberforce University (1856) came next. The vast majority were established between 1865 and 1899 following the American Civil War when slavery was abolished. In Title III of the Higher Education Act of 1965, Congress officially defined HBCUs, and were accredited and established before 1964.
In "Historically black colleges and universities: a reference handbook," Cynthia Jackson and Eleanor Nunn write that for over 160 years HBCUs have served as the educational, intellectual, political, cultural and social centers of African American communities. Up until 1965, few institutions existed for blacks to pursue higher education. For example, state laws in the south prohibited blacks from attending established historically white colleges and universities.
Tilden Lemelle, in "The HBCU: Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow," argues that HCBUs have always been and are today the objects of controversy and debate. In the 21st century, colleges and universities are open to everyone. Many have questioned whether HCBUs should still exist. Second, some question what kind of education do they provide that is any different to historically white schools. HCBUs need to find ways to remain relevant.
College Scholarships.org states that up until recently, African Americans were the most disadvantaged minority group in education. With lots of federal, state and private funding, black students now have more college funding options than ever before. Students attending HBCUs can seek funding from UNCF, and thirty-nine HBCUs offer scholarships and grants. Private and public organizations offer specialized grants, and students can access federal funds through the U.S. Department of Education.
UNCF offers program service scholarships you apply for though an online application process. Awards offered through HBCUs are typically based on academic merit, athletic excellence, musical talent or financial disadvantage. If you're seeking funding through a private organization or company, you may qualify based on financial need or academic merit. Finally, if you're an undergraduate student from a low-income household, you can apply for a Federal Pell Grant.