In his article "Teacher Tenure, Including Teacher Contracts" for the American Educational Research Association, Cecil Winfield Scott defines tenure as the following contract types: short term tenure, which usually includes an annual contract; long term tenure, where teachers are contracted for a specified number of years; and continuing employment, where teacher is employed until they receive notice that their contract arrangement has been terminated.
Universities offer their education staff tenure under a track system. Taking George Mason University as an example, this institution offers 4 different tracks to earn tenure. At George Mason a staff can earn tenure through research in their field, recognition of outstanding teaching, a split in their duties between teaching research and administrative duties or through work that benefits the university as a whole, such as staff development and grant and proposal writing.
Another type of tenure is the idea of permanent employment. If a teacher earns tenure within a district, they cannot be fired without just cause or due to serious misconduct. The terms under which a teacher may earn tenure are set by the individual districts. Taking the Montgomery County Public Schools in Montgomery County, Maryland as an example, a teacher can earn tenure after 2 years of service. Teachers serve on a probationary basis until their 2 years are complete.
Teacher tenure is often criticized for allowing too many unsuitable teachers to keep permanent positions. Many districts are reluctant to fire and discipline tenured staff due to legal costs, publicity and disruption. This has prompted some districts to link tenure to merit and student achievement.