Teach the alphabet directly. Recite all letters of the alphabet but target one or two letters a week to focus on their sounds and shapes. Ask students to write letters in the air or on a classmate's back with their finger. Bring in some objects that begin with the sound of the targeted letter. Say the name of the object, enunciating the first sound of the word for emphasis.
Incorporate small-group instruction every day. Ideally, you will be able to group your students by ability. Usually, you will have three groups: advanced, grade level, and below grade level. Differentiate instruction in each group. Advanced students can begin to write simple, C-V-C (consonant-vowel-consonant) words earlier than their peers. Grade level students may be able to write most letters of the alphabet while the struggling group is still mastering vowel recognition.
Improve students' alphabet awareness with supplemental activities. Most students usually will begin to identify letters on classroom materials like charts and flash cards because they see these items every day. To build letter recognition in unfamiliar texts, bring old magazines and have kids cut out targeted letters and glue them on construction paper.
Access the Internet for ideas and materials. Education.com has many alphabet activities with directions and suggestions. The Internet also provides games students can play at school or home. Starfall and Mrs. Alphabet are two of many sites with interactive alphabet games.