Include a macron mark above a long vowel. This mark is depicted with a dash line directly above the long vowel.
Write a breve mark above a short vowel. This mark is depicted with a u-shape above a short vowel.
Integrate the long vowels with their macron marks in a word. For example: made has a long "a," seen has a long "e," life has a long "i," ghost has a long "o" and cute has a long "u."
Write out short vowels with their breve marks in a word. For example: pact has a short "a," edge has a short "e," fit has a short "i," mop has a short "o" and cut has a short "u."