All larger machines can be broken down into six simple movements: the level, inclined plane, screw, wedge and pulley and wheel and axle. To demonstrate all six of these in one machine, create a whirlgig in a shoebox. This project will combine the turning motion of a wheel and axle with the lifting power of a lever using simple household items such as a wire clothes hangar, a shoebox, paper clips, tape, paper and markers.
The idea behind this invention is to take a simple everyday chore and turn it into a more complicated one that is technologically advanced. For example, every child brushes his or her teeth daily. It is usually a chore that kids don't like, so why not make it fun and even turn it into a science fair project? Students can create a machine project that will put the toothpaste on the brush through silly steps. Using the six simple machines, students can create a series of gears that turn to eventually put the toothpaste on the toothbrush. This type of project is best suited for older students but younger students can still do this, they just might need more hands on help.
Combining a history lesson and a science lesson, students can create their own catapults using wood, screws, rubber bands and a metal bar. The metal bar can be taken from wheels on old toy cars or a wire coat hanger. Using the screws and wood glue (if available) build your catapult. This is a great time to incorporate angle measurement into the lesson, and even some physics when discussing the launch. While this project may be more advanced and may need an adult hand for some drilling, it will demonstrate a variety of scientific principles and leave the student with a neat project.
After a lesson on machines and the six simple machines and how they interact with each other, have each student use their own creativity to come up with their own idea. Provide the items needed, such as a variety of boxes, cardboard tubes and containers, markers, paper, tape, paint and scissors. Brainstorm ideas with the class about what kind of machine they will invent. What will its purpose be? Draw out the machine first and show how each aspect of the machine will fulfill its purpose. Then, put your plan into action using the items provided.