1. "Motsu" (持つ):
- This is a general verb that means "to have" or "to hold." It is often used for physical possession or holding onto something.
- "Watashi wa pen o motte imasu" (私はペンを持っています): "I have a pen."
- "Kanojo wa kaban o motte imashita" (彼女はカバンを持っていました): "She had a bag."
2. "Iru" (いる):
- "Iru" means "to exist," "to be present," or "to be needed." It is commonly used to express the idea of "to have" something necessary or important.
- "Watashi ni wa shigoto ga aru" (私には仕事がある): "I have a job."
- "Kono shitsu ni terebi ga iru" (この部屋にテレビがいる): "This room needs a television."
3. "Aru" (ある):
- "Aru" is another verb that means "to exist" or "to be." It is mainly used for situations where something exists or is present, but it's not necessarily necessary or owned by someone.
- "Watashi no heya ni gakusei ga imasu" (私の部屋に学生がいる): "There are students in my room."
- "Hon wa takana ni arimasu" (本は棚にあります): "The books are on the bookshelf."
4. "Morau/Itadaku" (もらう/いただく):
- These verbs mean "to receive," "to be given," or "to get something." They are usually used when someone obtains or receives something from someone else.
- "Boku wa tomodachi kara tegami o moratta" (僕は友達から手紙をもらった): "I received a letter from my friend."
- "Sensei ni shukudai o itadakimashita" (先生に宿題をいただきました): "I was given homework by my teacher."
5. "Jiyū/Jiyū ni naru" (自由/自由に成る):
- These phrases are used to express having the freedom or opportunity to do something or to be free from restrictions.
-"Ashita wa jitsuryōsha ga arimasu" (明日は実習があります): "We have an experiment tomorrow."
-"Ryokō ni iku jikan ga aru" (旅行に行く時間がある): "I have time to go on a trip."
It's worth noting that the usage and nuance of these words can vary based on the context and situation. It's important to consider the proper grammar and context to use them accurately and appropriately in Japanese.