Determine which citation style you need to use. Read your syllabus if you are taking a class or ask your instructor which style to use. Read the submissions guidelines for any periodicals you are writing for, or call and ask one of the editors.
In Chicago style, place a superscripted numeral where you want to put the in-text citation (also known as a footnote call or endnote call). Provide the author's first and last name, followed by a comma. Second, put the name of the paper in quotation marks and capitalize the words according to headline style. Next, provide a short description of what the paper is, where it was written and the date in parentheses. Follow the parentheses with a comma and a page number, if needed. Otherwise, put a period after the closing parenthesis. Here is an example:
John Doe, "The Kings and Queens of Hawaii" (term paper, University of Hawaii, 2009), 12.
For a Chicago-style bibliographic entry, put the author's last name and first name, followed by a period. Add the paper name in quotation marks, followed by a period. Add location information last, without parentheses, like this:
Doe, John. "The Kings and Queens of Hawaii." Term paper, University of Hawaii, 2009, p. 12.
For both APA and MLA styles, use parenthetical citations within the text to indicate in-text citations. If you do not name the author in your text, put both the author's name and page numbers in parentheses where the citation is called out. If you do name the author, use only the page numbers in parentheses. Cite like this when the author (Doe) is named: Doe refers to Smith's work (5-7). Cite like this if the author is not named: Smith's work is mentioned in the text (Doe, 5-7).
Cite APA end documentation by putting the author's last name, a comma and his initials, followed by a period. Put the manuscript date in parentheses, followed by the title in italics. Write "Unpublished manuscript" at the end. Do not use quote marks. Here is an example:
Smith, W. (2007). Depression and sleep deprivation. Unpublished manuscript.
Cite MLA end documentation by putting the author's last name, comma and full first name. Put the title of the paper in quotation marks. Then put a description of the paper you are citing, followed by a period. Finish by adding the name of the school, a comma and the year the paper was written, as shown here:
Smith, William. "Depression and sleep deprivation." Term paper. University of Maryland, 2007.