The FAA publishes Practical Test Standards and uses them to determine a candidate's eligibility for a pilot's license. The standards for private and commercial pilots and for certified flight instructors denote that a pilot knows and understands "elements related to aeromedical factors." To begin the study of aeromedical factors, look in the published standards to determine what you are responsible for knowing. According to the standards, a private pilot must know three of the common factors, a commercial pilot must know four and a flight instructor must be familiar with all of the aeromedical factors. A pilot or pilot candidate should study every human factor because there is no way to determine which factors the examiner will ask him to discuss.
The Aeronautical Information Manual, commonly referred to as the AIM, is printed in conjunction with the Federal Aviation Regulations and is updated yearly. In the AIM, information on aeromedical factors can be found in the chapter "Medical Facts for Pilots." Unlike the FAR, the AIM does not contain sections of the Code of Federal Regulations regarding aircraft. It is simply an informational guide for pilots.
Additional FAA-published sources of information for pilots include the "Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge" and the "Airplane Flying Handbook." The pilot's handbook contains information on human factors in the chapters "Aeromedical Factors" and "Aeronautical Decision-Making." One chapter in the "Airplane Flying Handbook," titled "Night Operations," discusses human factors related to night flight.
Oral exam guides published by ASA contain questions and answers about aeromedical factors in aviation. While these guides are not approved by the FAA and do not fully represent every question an applicant could encounter on a checkride, they are based on the test standards.
Like the oral exam guides, Jeppesen textbooks are not FAA-approved materials and therefore cannot be referenced during a practical exam. They are widely used, however, for informational purposes. A chapter of Jeppesen's "Private Pilot" text is titled "Introduction to Human Factors." In Jeppesen's "Instrument Commercial" text, you'll find a chapter on "Advanced Human Factors Concepts."