How to Write an Internet Bibliography in MLA Format

The handbook of MLA style, published by the Modern Language Association, has recently changed some of its guidelines for citing Internet sources. The handbook's current version (the seventh edition) sets forth specific rules for creating citations for online resources; these guidelines help scholars and students follow a consistent, universal method that will always provide sufficient publication information, in a clear format, so that readers can find any Web sources mentioned in a paper.

Instructions

  1. Nonperiodicals: Websites, Web Pages, Web Documents

    • 1

      Cite the name of the entity that created the source. This may be a person, a company or an organization, and it may be an author, a performer or a person who compiled various other sources. If the author is a person rather than an organization, write his last name first, followed by a comma, and then his first name, followed by a period.

    • 2

      Cite the title of the source. Capitalize every word except for prepositions and articles. Add a period at the end of the title, unless it already ends with punctuation (such as a question mark). If there is only one title, then italicize the title.

      If, on the other hand, the particular source is a segment of a larger source (such as an article in a series), enclose the title you are citing (and its final punctuation) in quotation marks. Immediately after that title, write the title of the series or collection, in italics (ending with punctuation). Sometimes, the website itself counts as the larger source; in that case, as well, write the title of the smaller source in quotation marks (and see Step 3).

    • 3

      Cite the name of the website, if it is important, clearly related or a direct publisher. Write the name just as it appears on the website (on the "About" page or homepage, for example), even if it is spelled or capitalized oddly. Italicize the website name, and add a period immediately afterward.

    • 4

      Cite the edition of the source, if there is one. Many online sources don't have specific versions, but if an edition is specified by your source, you should include it in the citation. If included, follow it with a period.

    • 5

      Cite the title of the organization that publishes the Web resource, ending with a period. If you're not sure who is responsible for the website, check the "About" or "About Us" page for further information. If no particular organization sponsored the website (for example, if the website itself is the publishing organization), then write "N.p." (which stands for "no publisher").

    • 6

      Cite the online resource's date of publication. Be specific: Include the day and month as well as the year, if it is available. Cite the day first, then the month (abbreviated) and then the year, and include no commas (but end with a period): 20 Apr. 1998. If you have trouble finding the publication date, look just under the title and at the very bottom of the page. If no date is specified, then write "n.d." (which stands for "no date").

    • 7

      Specify the "medium of publication," the MLA handbook requires. For an Internet source, the medium is "Web." (Include a period at the end of the word.)

    • 8

      Note the date that you looked at the webpage; this is called your date of access. Again, be specific: day, month (abbreviated) and year, concluding with a period.

    Periodicals: Journals and Magazines

    • 9

      Cite the author. For a periodical, the author is almost always a specific person. Cite the last name, then the first name. For example: "Jones, John."

    • 10

      Write the title of the article you are citing. End it with a period, and enclose it in quotation marks. Don't italicize it.

    • 11

      Write the title of the journal or magazine, in italics. Do not add a period yet. Instead, cite the volume number and, if there is one, the issue number, separated by only a period (no space): for example, "5.87" means the fifth volume, eighty-seventh issue. After a space, specify the year of publication, in parentheses, followed by a colon. Next, cite the pages of the article; if the periodical doesn't use pages, which is common in Internet sources, write "n. page," which stands for "no page (numbers)." Now you can add a period.

    • 12

      Write "Web," followed by a period, to specify the medium of publication.

    • 13

      Specify your date of access.

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