Choose your topic. If you have not been pre-assigned a topic and question, you will need to formulate your own. Motivate yourself by choosing an area that genuinely interests you and, ideally, one where you have some background knowledge.
Conduct your research. Use as many resources as possible -- books, academic journals and the Internet. The aim is to become an expert in this area and immerse yourself in the theories, academics and ideas. Make notes as you go along.
Analyze the findings. You will need to extract the relevant data and information for your essay from your research. Think critically about the findings -- look for strengths and weaknesses -- and use this as a basis for your essay outline.
Write your first draft. Your introduction should clearly set out the aims of the essay and grab the reader's attention. The main body should include one point per paragraph, supported by relevant evidence. Your conclusion should summarize your main points and give the reader an answer the the initial question.
Redraft the essay. Before completing the final draft, re-read your essay critically; analyze its clarity, strength of argument and make sure that you have thoroughly answered the question. Wandering off-topic will always result in a lower grade. If possible, get feedback from others.
Complete the final draft. Before handing it in, check your essay for any spelling and grammar mistakes and ensure it is formatted according your college guidelines.