Discuss the author's main themes. If you're reading a book that deals with the problems of American public education, state that in this book the author is focusing on a lack of parental involvement in the educational experiences of their children. Discuss whether the author believes this is why many students lack motivation in their studies, and why they're failing in important subjects like math, English and history.
Point out strengths and weaknesses of the book. For example, the author may state in her book that it is easier for interfaith marriages to work now than in previous decades, due to increasing religious tolerance in America. If you disagree, mention that while there are successful interfaith marriages in America, recent sociological research shows that a large percentage of interfaith marriages still suffer due to religious conflict within these marriages.
Show how this book relates to the field the author represents. For example, if you're reading a book in which the author argues for a more inclusive education that allows children with learning disabilities to receive the same type of education as those without disabilities, state in your analysis that this book can open the door for future research on both the positive and negative effects of inclusive education.