* University of Missouri (Mizzou): This is the flagship university of the state, and a member of the Southeastern Conference (SEC).
* Saint Louis University (SLU): A private university in St. Louis, member of the Atlantic 10 Conference.
* University of Missouri–Kansas City (UMKC): A public university in Kansas City, member of the Summit League (for most sports; some are independent).
* Southeast Missouri State University (SEMO): A public university in Cape Girardeau, member of the Ohio Valley Conference.
* Southern Illinois University Carbondale (SIUC): While technically in Illinois, it's very close to the Missouri border and often considered part of the regional sports landscape. It is a member of the Missouri Valley Conference. (Note: this one is a bit of an exception due to its location)
There might be smaller or newer Division I programs in Missouri that I haven't listed, but these are the major ones.