There are more than 15 schools in the U.S. Applicants must have demonstrated an understanding and appreciation of science in order to be accepted, with most students having studied biology, chemistry, mathematics or physics. They must also take an Optometry Admission Test, which typically have a one-in-three pass rate. Once students have become doctors of optometry, they must then pass an exam administered by the National Board of Examiners in Optometry (NBEO). The exam covers basic science, clinical science and patient care.
Optometry degrees provide both classroom and practical learning. They cover a range of study topics in relation to eyes and vision, including geometric, physical, physiological and ophthalmic optics, ocular anatomy, ocular disease, ocular pharmacology, neuroanatomy, movement and vision perception, and design and modification of the visual environment. Students must also take classes that look at human anatomy more generally, such as pharmacology, biochemistry and epidemiology.
Once fully qualified, optometrists are capable of providing eye care, including the fitting of contact lenses, prescribing glasses and the treatment of eye diseases. They can also take training that allows them to perform basic surgical techniques, such as removing foreign objects. More technical operations are referred to ophthalmologists, who have completed four years at a medical school. However, state rules do vary, and there is a natural overlap between both professions. As new technology and research continues to be developed, optometrists need to remain in touch with medical advances and must continue to learn throughout their career.
An aging population and growing needs for vision care are increasing the demand for optometrists. According to the Bureau of Labour Statistics, there were 34,800 jobs in 2008, with the number set to increase by 24 percent up until 2018. Optometrists usually work in health and personal care stores, offices of physicians, hospitals, the federal government, or outpatient care centers.