How Do I Reference a Professor's Notes in APA Style?

APA Style requires authors to cite any source of information used in a paper, whether the source is quoted directly or not. The "Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association" provides specific guidelines for how to reference personal communication, which includes lectures, memos, private letters, telephone communications, emails, other electronic communication and interviews.

Things You'll Need

  • APA publication manual
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Instructions

    • 1

      Include the date (day, month and year) when taking notes from a lecture because you will need it for citations. Be sure to take down any information you might want to include in a future paper word for word. Indicate which parts of your notes are direct quotations of the lecture by enclosing the material in quotation marks at the time of the lecture. If you are unsure of the exact wording, check with your professor.

    • 2

      Insert citations in your paper as you are writing it. Any information obtained from a source such as a lecture must be cited, whether it is an idea, concept, theory or original research.

    • 3

      Include the last name and initials of the professor in the citation, as well as the date, including the day, month and year. Be as precise as possible about the date.

    • 4

      Refer to the lecture as personal communication in your citation. You can write the citation in a couple of ways to indicate it is from a lecture. You can use a signal phrase. For example: S.C. Hoyt (personal communication, January 4, 2010) said ... You also can cite the work by placing the entire citation in parentheses. For example: "The idea (S.C. Hoyt, personal communication, January 4, 2010) ..."

    • 5

      Place quotation marks before and after a phrase or sentence that is a direct quotation from the lecture. Include the professor's last name and initials and the date of the quotation. For example: S.C. Hoyt (personal communication, January 4, 2010) considers "the research to be seminal." Another way would be: One psychologist (S.C. Hoyt, personal communication, January 4, 2010) considers "the research to be seminal."

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