Begin your parenthetical citation with the last name of the author. For example; "Smith."
End your parenthetical citation with the year of publication. For example; "Smith 1999."
Enclose your citation in parentheses. For example; "(Smith 1999)."
Position your citation so it comes directly after the quoted or paraphrased passage. The parenthetical citation should come before any concluding punctuation. For example; "Scientists have suspected that birds may actually fly with their tail feathers (Smith 1999)."
Cite the name of the organization in place of an author's last name if you are citing a source authored by an organization. For example; "(National Biological Council 1999)." If you are citing an undated work, list the phrase "date unknown" in brackets in place of the year of publication. For example; "(Smith [date unknown])."
Arrange information in the following manner if you are citing a book: "Author's Last Name First Initial. Year. Title. City (State Abbreviation): Publisher." For example; "Smith G. 1999. Birds and their methods of flight. Boston (MA): Biological Bird Press."
Arrange information in the following manner if you are citing a journal article: "Author's Last Name First Initial. Year. Title of article. Name of Journal. Volume(Issue): Inclusive pages." For example; "Thomas L. 2009. An examination of different species of North American bird. American Journal of Avian Studies. 45(3): 26-49."
Arrange information in the following manner if you are citing a website: "Name of Website [Internet]. Year published. City of Publication (State Abbreviation): Institution or Organization Providing Information; [last updated year month day; cited year month day]. Available from: Full URL." For example; "BioNet [Internet]. 2005. Boston (MA): International Council of Avian Studies; [last updated 2011 May 5; cited 2011 May 9]. Available from: http://www.bionet.org/76529/36h/72098/907.htm."