How to Cite References After Sentences

APA Style

• 1

  Begin your citation with the last name of the author. For example:

  Doakes

• 2

  Follow the author's name with a comma and the year the source was published. For example:

  Doakes, 2009

• 3

  Conclude your citation with a comma, a lowercase letter "p" followed by a period and then the page number. For example:

  Doakes, 2009, p. 31

• 4

  Insert your citation directly after the sentence in which you quote or paraphrase from the source. The citation should be enclosed in parentheses and should precede any concluding punctuation. For example:

  It has been argued at least once that these birds "understand the concept of a favor, as well as of a slight" (Doakes, 2009, p. 31).

MLA Style

• 5

  Begin your citation with the last name of the author. For example:

  Doakes

• 6

  Conclude your citation with the page number. For example:

  Doakes 31

• 7

  Insert your citation directly after the sentence in which the quote or paraphrased passage appears. The citation should be enclosed in parentheses and should precede any concluding punctuation. For example:

  It has been argued at least once that these birds "understand the concept of a favor, as well as of a slight" (Doakes 31).