Here's how it works:
* Symbols are objects, characters, actions, or settings that represent something beyond their literal meaning. They can be simple or complex, but they are always carefully chosen to convey a deeper meaning.
* The writer uses symbolism to hint at the underlying message or theme of the work without directly stating it. This allows the reader to engage with the story on a more intellectual and emotional level, and to discover the main idea through their own interpretation.
* Recurring symbols throughout the story reinforce the main idea. When an object or concept appears repeatedly, it is likely a symbol with a significant meaning.
Example:
In William Golding's novel *Lord of the Flies*, the conch shell is a symbol of order and civilization. When the boys first arrive on the island, they use the conch to call meetings and to make decisions as a group. However, as the boys descend into savagery, the conch is eventually broken. This symbolizes the loss of reason and the triumph of primal instincts.
By using symbols, writers can create layers of meaning and complexity in their work, making it more engaging and thought-provoking.