How did big business change at the end of nineteenth century?

1. Rise of Corporations: The latter part of the 19th century witnessed the rapid rise of corporations, replacing traditional forms of business organization like partnerships and proprietorships. Corporations offered several advantages, including limited liability for investors and the ability to mobilize large amounts of capital.

2. Mergers and Consolidations: To gain control of the market, big businesses engaged in mergers and consolidations, forming larger and more powerful entities. These combinations aimed to increase efficiency, eliminate competition, and enhance market dominance.

3. Vertical Integration: Big businesses embraced vertical integration, gaining control over different stages of production and distribution. This allowed companies to secure a steady supply of raw materials, improve quality control, and reduce costs.

4. Horizontal Integration: Another common strategy was horizontal integration, where companies acquired or merged with competitors in the same industry to gain a larger market share and monopolize the industry.

5. Emergence of Trusts and Monopolies: Some powerful companies formed trusts, legal entities that held the stock of different companies, effectively consolidating control of multiple businesses under one entity. This led to the emergence of several monopolies, dominating specific industries.

6. Government Regulation: In response to concerns over the increasing power of big business and the negative impact of trusts and monopolies on competition, governments began enacting regulations to prevent monopolistic practices and promote fair competition.

7. Technological Innovations: The late 19th century saw significant technological advancements, including the development of new machinery, electric power, and transportation systems. These advancements transformed industries and accelerated the growth of big businesses.

8. Standardization and Mass Production: Big businesses introduced standardization of products and processes, allowing for efficient mass production. This approach significantly reduced costs and made products more affordable for consumers.

9. Marketing and Advertising: The end of the 19th century saw the emergence of modern marketing and advertising techniques. Big businesses invested in promoting their products and services, creating brand loyalty and influencing consumer behavior.

10. Labor Unions and Social Movements: The rise of big business also sparked the growth of labor unions and social movements advocating for workers' rights and improved working conditions. This led to increased regulations on workplace safety, wages, and labor rights.