Dynamics: The degree of loudness or softness in a piece of music.
Note: A musical sound of definite pitch and duration.
Pitch: The relative position of a note in a musical scale, according to its frequency or perceived position in the treble-bass continuum.
Timbre: The distinctive quality or tone of a sound produced by a musical instrument or voice.
Rhythm: The pattern of beats, stresses and silences in a piece of music.
Harmony: The relationship between pitches when played or sung together.
Melody: A series of notes arranged to form a distinctive tune.
Form: The structure of a piece of music, how its sections are arranged and developed.
Tempo: The speed of a piece of music.
Staccato: A note played short and detached from other notes.
Legato: A note played smoothly and connected to the previous note.
Slur: A curved line over or under notes indicating that they should be played smoothly and connected.
Dotted note: A note with a dot after it, indicating that its duration should be extended slightly.
Fermata: A symbol used above a note to indicate it should be held for longer.
Crescendo: A gradual increase in volume.
Decrescendo: A gradual decrease in volume.
Da Capo: A symbol indicating that a piece of music should be repeated from the beginning.
Al Coda: A symbol used to indicate that a piece of music should be repeated from an earlier section, indicated by the coda symbol.
Cadenza: An improvised passage for soloist, usually located near the end of a movement or section of music.
Ostinato: A repeated musical phrase or rhythmic pattern.
Canon: A round or polyphonic composition in which one voice follows another voice, usually in imitation.
Fugue: A polyphonic instrumental composition based on a subject and a counter-subject.
Sonata: A musical composition for one or more soloists, usually in three or four movements, each with a contrasting character.
Symphony: An elaborate instrumental composition for orchestra, usually in four movements.