Introduce the topic. The introduction is an important part of a reflective paper because it lets the reader know what you are talking about and what you plan to demonstrate. This portion of the paper should include a brief overview of the arguments that will follow and the writer's stance on each claim. The writer's stance should be based on research, which will be covered in the paper, and it should be presented in the form of the thesis statement.
Summarize the arguments. Summarizing the arguments includes writing out the position being presented, as well as providing the background research on how each position came to be. Within academics, arguments should not be made or presented without research backing them up.
Identify the theories or concepts that can be used to analyze each claim. There are always different ways to look at arguments, and the varying viewpoints influences the readers understanding the of them. For example, in criminal justice, there are a variety of theories to explain criminal behavior including the conflict theory, rational choice theory and the anomie and strain theory. Each of these theories explain the causes of crime in very different ways and conflict with each other. that is why it is important to present and explain each relevant theory or concept.
When presenting the theories and concepts, first explain the theory by itself. Then explain how the theory relates to the arguments being discussed in the paper. Relate each theory or concept presented back to the arguments.
Using the theories and concepts explained in Step 3, analyze the strengths and weaknesses of each claim. This is where you can point out any contradictions, fallacies or weaknesses. Based on how you use the theories to analyze the arguments, the reader should get any idea of your stance in this section of the paper.
Write the conclusion to the paper. It should provide the reader with your clear stance on the arguments. You should briefly refer back to the theory or concept on which you are basing your stance and why you feel it is the most valid position. Each element presented in the thesis statement should be covered in the conclusion.