Add “es” to nouns that end in “ch," "sh," "s," "x" or "z” to pluralize them. For example, the plural forms of nouns such as beach, glass, lens and dish are beaches, glasses, lenses and dishes.
Add an “s” to nouns to make them plural. For example, the plural form of words such as decoy, tray and valley, would be decoys, trays and valleys.
Change the “f” or “fe” in some nouns to a “v” when making them plural, then add an “es” to the end. For example, the plural forms of the words "half" and "life" are "halves" and "lives."
Drop the "y" and add an "ies" for words that end in "y." For example the plural form of babies, puppies and libraries are the plural forms of baby, puppy and library.
Learn when to add an "s" or an "es" to pluralize nouns ending in an "o." There isn't a rule to follow for this, one must simply learn to know how to differentiate between the two forms. For example, add an "s" to pluralize casino, making it casinos, but add an "es" to pluralize hero, to make it heroes.