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How to Build a Landform

When you look in awe at a snowcapped mountain or explore a cave or canoe on a river in a valley, you are seeing landforms: natural physical features of the earth's surface. Without the various landforms that exist all over the planet, you'd live in a very boring, flat world. Movement of the earth's crust; tectonic activity; and the action of the wind, water and ice cause landforms. You can make a 3-D version of a landform to help you understand the geologic processes that shape earth's surface.

Things You'll Need

  • U. S. Geological Survey topographic map of the desired landform with a scale of 1 to 24,000 and less than eight index contour lines
  • Corrugated cardboard
  • Scissors
  • Glue stick
  • Plywood for the base of the model
  • Styrofoam block 3/16-inches thick
  • Craft knife
  • Ruler
  • Glue gun with glue stick
  • Modeling clay, or papier-mache and paint
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Instructions

    • 1

      Photocopy and enlarge a U.S. Geological Survey topographic map of the desired landform

      to the size you want, making as many copies as are index contour lines. Use a light setting to enhance the visibility of the dark contour lines.

    • 2

      Cut around the outermost contour line -- lowest elevation -- on one map copy, and label it #1. For each succeeding map copy, move in one contour line, cut around the contour line and number it.

    • 3

      Glue each contour line piece to corrugated cardboard using a glue stick.

    • 4

      Cut each piece of cardboard around the contour line.

    • 5

      Place the cardboard piece labeled #1 on the plywood base. This layer is the first one for the model.

    • 6

      Cut small rectangles of an expanded rigid polystyrene plastic for spacers between the layers. Remember to maintain the scale of your landform model.

    • 7

      Adhere the needed number of spacers, using the glue gun, to create the elevation between the base and the second layer.

    • 8

      Fill in the area inside the spacers with modeling clay or papier-mache.

    • 9

      Glue the second layer to the top of the expanded rigid polystyrene plastic spacers, and repeat the process with the remaining layers.

    • 10

      Add modeling clay or papier-mache to the model as needed to make the landform look realistic. Pay attention to whether the distance between layers has a steep or gradual incline.

    • 11

      Place optional pieces on or around the landform. If you used papier-mache for the model, then allow it to dry before painting it and placing optional pieces.

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