Consonants:
- ㄱ (giyeok): A velar stop, similar to the "g" in "go".
- ㄴ (nieun): An alveolar nasal, similar to the "n" in "nose".
- ㄷ (digeut): An alveolar stop, similar to the "d" in "dog".
- ㄹ (rieul): An alveolar lateral, similar to the "l" in "love".
- ㅁ (mieum): A bilabial nasal, similar to the "m" in "man".
- ㅂ (bieup): A bilabial stop, similar to the "b" in "book".
- ㅅ (siot): An alveolar fricative, similar to the "s" in "sun".
- ㅇ (ieung): A glottal stop, similar to the "silent e" at the end of words like "make" or "drive".
- ㅈ (jieut): An alveolar affricate, similar to the "j" in "jump".
- ㅊ (chieut): An alveolar aspirated affricate, similar to "ch" in "church".
- ㅋ (kieuk): A velar aspirated stop, similar to "k" in "king".
- ㅌ (tieut): An alveolar aspirated stop, similar to "t" in "ten".
- ㅍ (pieup): A bilabial aspirated stop, similar to "p" in "pan".
- ㅎ (hieut): A glottal fricative, similar to "h" in "house".
Vowels:
- ㅏ (a): A close back unrounded vowel, similar to the "ah" in "father".
- ㅓ (eo): A close mid back unrounded vowel, similar to the "uh" in "but".
- ㅗ (o): A close back rounded vowel, similar to the "o" in "rose".
- ㅜ (u): A close front rounded vowel, similar to the "oo" in "boot".
- ㅡ (eu): A close central unrounded vowel, similar to the "eu" in "neutral".
- ㅣ (i): A close front unrounded vowel, similar to the "ee" in "meet".
These basic letters can be combined to form complex characters that represent syllables. For example, the combination of "ㄱ" and "ㅏ" forms the syllable "가" (ga), while the combination of "ㄴ" and "ㅣ" forms the syllable "니" (ni).
In addition to the basic consonants and vowels, Hangul also includes various modifiers, such as double consonants, double vowels, and aspiration marks, which can change the pronunciation of characters.