Establish that the child has no mental or physical health problems. Inquire about the student, especially if she exhibits signs of being tired, hungry or ill. Lack of sleep or proper nutrition may be making it hard for her to pay attention in class. Observe the child in his or her interactions with others. Ask the child if she's sleepy, hungry, feeling unwell or having trouble seeing the board. If she answers positively, schedule a meeting with the parents to discuss the child's health and what steps need to be taken to address the way it impacts learning.
Ensure that the child hasn't withdrawn because of a lack of language or comprehension skills. Test the student's grasp of English and the fundamentals of the course. Children may stop trying if they feel the coursework is hopelessly beyond them. If the child needs additional help, investigate the possibility of moving him or her to a remedial class, or talk to the parents about getting a tutor.
Challenge a healthy student to become engaged with the class by setting a stimulating goal, such as a book report on her favorite subject, or a task a little beyond the usual class level. Children often rise to the expectations set for them, especially if they're brighter than the average.
Provide the student positive reinforcement. Show an interest in his or her talents, and make it clear that you expect good things.
Motivate a healthy student, who fails to respond to all other inducements, with the threat of punishment. If the student consistently fails to complete homework, give him or her additional work or have the student stay after school. If this fails to produce the desired result, schedule a conference with the parents to discuss ways they can apply the necessary pressure to help the student achieve.