Basic Reference
* For a direct reference to the study:
U.S. Public Health Service. (1972). Tuskegee syphilis study: A report to the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
* For general information about the study, but not a direct reference:
You can use the study's common name: "The Tuskegee Syphilis Study"
Or, use a more descriptive phrase: "The U.S. Public Health Service study that withheld treatment for syphilis from Black men in Alabama"
Important Considerations:
* Ethical Concerns: The Tuskegee Syphilis Study is a significant example of unethical research practices. When discussing it, be sensitive and mindful of its historical and social context.
* Specificity: You may need to cite specific reports or articles *about* the study if you are focusing on particular aspects (e.g., its impact on public trust in healthcare).
* Secondary Sources: If you're not directly citing the primary source (the 1972 report), you'll need to cite the secondary source where you found the information.
* Direct Quotations: When quoting from the study, provide the page number if available (often not in the 1972 report).
Examples of Using the Reference:
* Direct Reference: "The 1972 report on the Tuskegee syphilis study concluded that the study's unethical practices had significantly eroded public trust in healthcare" (U.S. Public Health Service, 1972).
* General Information: "The Tuskegee Syphilis Study exemplifies the devastating consequences of research conducted without ethical considerations."
* Secondary Source: "According to Jones (2005), the Tuskegee Syphilis Study led to significant distrust of healthcare among Black communities."
Let me know if you have any other questions or want to explore specific aspects of the Tuskegee study.