Introduce borrowed material with the full name of the author(s) the first time you refer to a source. Subsequently, introduce quotations, paraphrases or summaries with the author's last name.
Example: Dr. Terri McGinnis says: "Fleas are not very host-specific" (104).
Include credentials to emphasize the authority of your source.
Example: According to veterinarian and author, Dr. Terri McGinnis, "Fleas are carriers of disease, including the organism that causes human plague" (104).
Be certain your readers can tell where your ideas end and the borrowed material begins when you summarize, paraphrase or quote.
Use quotation marks around the quoted sentence or passage.
Set off from the text quotes of more than four lines. Instead of using quotation marks, the entire quote is indented 1 inch from the left-hand margin. In this case, the in-text parenthetical citation should follow the final period.
Provide a parenthetical citation at the end of any sentence containing a quote, paraphrase or summary from a book resource. The period should be placed following the parenthetical reference, not between the quote and the citation.
Example: McGinnis explains that "In spite of the fact that there are several flea species, cat fleas...can be found on dogs, dog fleas...can be found on cats," and most fleas will feed on people (104).
Include the author's name and the page number within the parenthetical reference at the end of the quote, if you have not used the author's name to introduce the quotation. There is no comma between the name and the page number. Do not use the abbreviations, like 'p.' or 'pp.' to label page numbers.
Example: "External parasites on dogs are arthropods" (McGinnis 104).
Provide only the page number in the parenthetical citation if you have already mentioned the author's name in or as an introduction to the phrase containing the quotation or paraphrase.
Example: Dr. McGinnis explains that "large numbers of fleas can be responsible for significant loss of blood in puppies" (104).
Put both authors' last names and the page numbers of quoted material in the citation if a book has two authors. There should be no comma between the names and the page number.
Example: (Carlson and Green 160).
Use the name of the author of the specific work quoted, not the editor of the anthology or collection, in which the essay, short story or other document is included. Use the page number(s) from the anthology or collection.
Example: (Dickinson 35)