APA Formatting of Internet Resources

The American Psychological Association (APA) has set forth standards for written works. APA style is often used by individuals within the social sciences. Guidelines are available for every aspect of your paper, including formatting and citations. In addition to printed books and journals, the APA also provides information on how to reference online resources.
  1. General Tips

    • Online and printed rules are the same.

      Remember only the first word of the article title is capitalized. If the title is followed by a colon, the first word after the colon is also capitalized. The periodical title, volume and issue (if available) are italicized. When listing two or three authors, connect the names with an ampersand. If there are more than three authors, list the first author and then "et al." Because site addresses (URLs) sometimes change, the APA suggests listing a Digital Object Identifier (DOI) if available instead of the web address.

    Online Journal or Magazine

    • Cite articles online.

      Electronic articles generally follow the same rules as printed materials. Here are some examples.

      Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (publication date). Article title. Periodical Title, Volume (Issue), page range. Retrieved from http://www.website.com/url.

      Author. A. A. (year, month day). Article title. Periodical Title, Volume (Issue), Page Range. Retrieved from DOI:0000000000.

    Electronic Books

    • Cite books on the Internet.

      Online books include those found on websites, in databases, or in audio form. Use the electronic formatting style if you cannot find the book in print. Use "Available from" instead of "Retrieved from" when you are citing a book that must either must be purchased or is not directly available online.

      Author, A. A. (date). Book title. Retrieved from http://www.website.com/url

    Online Encyclopedias or Dictionaries

    • List encyclopedia and dictionary references.

      If the online source does not include an author's name, move the entry name (title) to the front of the citation. Here are some examples.

      Title. (Date). In Encyclopedia Name online. Retrieved from http://www.website.com.

      Author, A. A. (Date). In Dictionary Name online. Retrieved from http://www.website.com.

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