The Art Institutes (artinstitutes.edu) is an accredited college that has campus locations all over the United States and Canada. You can get a certificate in digital work flow, portrait, or studio photography online. They also offer an associate's and a bachelor's degree program online. Each type of program has different admission requirements and you may be eligible to receive federal financial aid.
The New York Institute of Photography (nyip.com) has been training photographers for more than 100 years. It is the world's oldest and largest photography school. NYIP offers multiple programs in photography, including a complete training course that will result in a certificate from the school. There is no academic calendar and you're allowed to study on your own schedule. It will take most students between one and two years to finish the full program, but you will be allowed a total of three years to complete it. You will not be able to receive federal financial aid, but they do offer a monthly payment plan.
Another distance education training program is offered by The Photography Institute (thephotographyinstitute.com). They offer a "Professional Photography Course" and you get to work directly with a tutor. The course results in a certificate from the school. They have locations in the United States, Canada, Australia, South Africa, Germany, Austria and Switzerland. Like NYIP, The Photography Institute does not qualify for federal financial aid, but they also offer a payment plan.
The Savannah College of Art and Design (scad.edu) is more commonly known as "SCAD." Based in downtown Savannah, Georgia, SCAD offers the option to obtain a degree in photography online. They do not have any certificate courses and you must apply and be accepted into the school. SCAD offers a Bachelor of Arts or a Master of Arts through their eLearning program. They may offer federal financial aid for students who have been formally admitted.