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How to Turn CO2 Gas Into Liquid

Carbon dioxide, a gas we exhale every time we respire, exists only in the gaseous state on Earth naturally---unlike water, which is easy to find naturally in three states. Like most compounds, carbon dioxide has a triple point, meaning that it can be found in any of the three states at a certain temperature and pressure. While it is impossible to find liquid carbon dioxide on Earth, solid carbon dioxide, or dry ice, can be manufactured and purchased. Using dry ice, the proper amount of pressure, and a low enough temperature, you can turn solid carbon dioxide into the liquid form.

Sample of carbon dioxide
Means of creating low temperatures
Means of creating high pressure

Instructions

- 1
  The best way of obtaining a sample of carbon dioxide is to buy dry ice rather than gaseous carbon dioxide. Dry ice is carbon dioxide in the solid state and is created by special processes.
- 2
  Put your sample of carbon dioxide into your pressure device.
- 3
  
  Carbon dioxide exists in the liquid state at very low temperatures.
  
  High pressure is needed to transform carbon dioxide to the liquid state. At pressures below 4.5 atmospheres, carbon dioxide sublimates, which means that it passes directly from the solid to the gaseous state at -78.5 degrees Celsius.
- 4
  In addition to high pressure, a low temperature is also needed to change carbon dioxide to the liquid state. While keeping the pressure at 4.5 atmospheres, bring the temperature of the sample to -56.6 degrees Celsius.
- 5
  Now your sample will be in the liquid state. If you warm liquid carbon dioxide, you must continue increasing the pressure for it to stay in the liquid state. If you warm the liquid without increasing the pressure, the sample will undergo a phase transition into the gaseous state.

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