- Collectivism: The Indian notion of self emphasizes the interconnectedness and interdependence among individuals within a collective or community.
- Social Embeddedness: The self is viewed as embedded in a network of social relationships, obligations, and responsibilities.
- Relational Self: The self is defined through one's relationships with others, including family, friends, and the larger community. Personal identity is shaped by social roles, duties, and group membership.
- Dharma: Fulfilling one's duties and responsibilities (dharma) is central to the Indian notion of self. Dharma includes both personal and social obligations.
- Reincarnation: The belief in reincarnation and the cycle of birth, life, and death (samsara) influences the Indian concept of self. The self is seen as a continuous journey of growth and transformation across multiple lifetimes.
Western Notion of Self:
- Individualism: Western culture places a greater emphasis on individual autonomy, independence, and self-sufficiency.
- Self-Actualization: The focus is on personal growth, self-improvement, and achieving individual goals and aspirations.
- Inner Self: The self is often conceptualized as a distinct and separate entity, with an emphasis on introspection and exploration of personal thoughts, emotions, and desires.
- Rights-Based: The Western notion of self emphasizes individual rights and personal liberties, including the freedom to make choices and pursue one's own interests.
- Linear View of Life: The self is commonly viewed as a linear journey from birth to death, with an emphasis on personal development and achievements during one's lifetime.