1. Education and Training:
* Bachelor's Degree: You'll need a bachelor's degree, typically in special education or a related field like education with a special education concentration. Some universities offer integrated programs leading directly to teacher certification. Others require a separate certification program after completing a bachelor's degree.
* Teacher Certification: This is crucial. Requirements vary significantly by state. Generally, you'll need to complete a teacher preparation program approved by your state's department of education. This program includes coursework in:
* Special Education Pedagogy: Methods and strategies for teaching students with diverse learning needs (e.g., autism, intellectual disabilities, learning disabilities, emotional disturbance).
* Child Development and Psychology: Understanding the cognitive, social, emotional, and physical development of students with disabilities.
* Assessment and Evaluation: Administering and interpreting various assessments to identify student needs and track progress.
* Individualized Education Program (IEP) Development and Implementation: Creating and implementing IEPs, which are legally mandated plans outlining individualized goals and supports for each student.
* Inclusive Practices: Strategies for integrating students with disabilities into general education classrooms.
* Legislation and Compliance: Understanding federal and state laws related to special education (e.g., IDEA).
* Student Teaching/Practicum: You'll typically complete a supervised student teaching experience in a secondary school special education setting. This provides invaluable practical experience.
* State-Specific Tests: Many states require passing subject matter tests and/or teacher competency exams. These assess your knowledge of pedagogy, special education, and subject matter (depending on your endorsement area, e.g., math, science, English).
* Background Check and Fingerprinting: You'll undergo a background check and fingerprinting as part of the certification process.
2. Choosing a Specialization:
Secondary special education teachers often specialize in working with students who have specific disabilities or learning needs. Common areas of specialization include:
* Learning Disabilities: Students who struggle with reading, writing, math, or other academic skills.
* Emotional Disturbance: Students who exhibit significant behavioral or emotional challenges.
* Intellectual Disabilities: Students with significant cognitive impairments.
* Autism Spectrum Disorder: Students with autism spectrum disorder, requiring individualized support and strategies.
* Specific Learning Disabilities (e.g., dyslexia, dysgraphia): Teachers may focus on specific learning disabilities.
3. Professional Development:
* Continuing Education: Professional development is essential for staying current with best practices, research, and new technologies in special education.
* Networking: Joining professional organizations like the Council for Exceptional Children (CEC) provides opportunities for networking and professional growth.
4. Job Search:
* Networking: Utilize your network of professors, mentors, and peers.
* Online Job Boards: Websites like Indeed, LinkedIn, and specialized education job boards are valuable resources.
* School District Websites: Check the websites of school districts in your area of interest.
5. Considerations:
* High Demand but Competitive: Special education teachers are in high demand, but the field is also competitive.
* Challenging but Rewarding: Working with students with disabilities can be challenging, but it's also incredibly rewarding to witness their growth and progress.
* Emotional Toll: It's important to be prepared for the emotional demands of the job and to prioritize self-care.
In summary: Becoming a secondary school special education teacher requires dedication, hard work, and a genuine passion for helping students with diverse learning needs succeed. Start by researching the specific requirements in your state and identifying universities with strong special education programs. Good luck!